Edo State is an inland state in western Nigeria. Benin City serves as its capital. Its borders are Ondo State to the west, Delta State to the south, and Kogi State to the north and east.
History
A lengthy history of civilisation exists in the territory that is now known as Edo state, with Benin City as its capital. Its history may be traced back to ancient times, according to historians and scholars. as a cohesive, well-organized community. under the highly imposing monarchical rule of Ogiso. using a linguistic system of checks and balances that is more democratic in nature and represents the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. Its residents are known as Igodomigodo “Benins” or “Edo.”
No one is entirely clear of the origin of the Edo people, whose history seems to have been buried in myths and traditions from a long time ago, as prince E.Eweka put it. The Edo Civilization predates the unification of the earliest ancient inhabitants of Edo area under the ogiso monarchy by at least 6000 years, according to scientific data. The Igodomigodos “Edos” “Binis” rule themselves using an antiquated form of seIf government known as “community elders.” The town’s oldest male resident who is also the senior Owere is automatically designated as the “senior among the community elders” or Odionwere. The daily operations of their different villages are overseen by Odionwere and Owere. In Edo-land, this method is still in use today.
The ancient Benin Empire, one of the most powerful African Empires in the 15th and 16th centuries, had its capital at Benin City. Its power and sway have reached Onisha in the east, the Niger delta, the northwestern portion of the Niger River, and the coast of the Benin Republic. The southern protectorate took control of Edo territory after British forces stormed Benin City in 1897 and ultimately forced it to surrender.
The British colonial force had long longed for the collapse of the Benin Empire because it would have allowed them to expand their Empire into the interior of West Africa. With the Benin Empire out of the way, the Southern Protectorate and the Northern Protectorate merged in 1914 to become Nigeria.
When Nigeria gained its independence in 1960, three regions—the Northern region, the Eastern region, and the Western area—were in agitation, and each had control over Edo Land. by the ethnic and linguistic group of the Edo. People from Benin and the Delta [Bendel] have a shared ancestry, culture, and system of religion that may be traced back to the former Benin Empire. This political consciousness was crystallized into the geo-political umbrella movement, a potent lobby group led by the late Oba Akenzua II, who vehemently lobbied for the creation of a separate region for the Benin and Delta people [Bendel] as a result of these historical ties and the discovery of shared roots and identity. The western regional government did not support this notion of a distinct area. A referendum was finally conducted on July 27, 1963, after much political and constitutional discussion. 87% of the qualifying voters supported a distinct territory for the Benin and Delta people, which was a significant and resounding victory. 29% above the required minimum. On August 9, 1963, the Midwestern area legislation of 1962 was subsequently put into effect, and the Midwestern region was formally established. Its capital is Benin City. It constitutes Nigeria’s fourth region. Dennis Osadebey was chosen to serve as administrator on August 9, 1963, and in February 1964, he was elected as the first premier.
After additional restructuring, Nigeria went from four regions to 12 states. The Midwestern area was renamed the Midwestern state on May 27, 1967, although its original geographic borders were kept. Nigeria’s states were further split on February 3, 1976, when the Murtala Muhammad dictatorship increased the number of states from 12 to 19. Midwestern state was renamed Bendel state after minor boundary changes and the cession of a small portion of its riverine territory to Rivers state.In keeping with historical viewpoints of the Midwestern area, two states were formed on August 27, 1991, one of which, Edo state, retained Benin City as its capital. On August 27, 1991, Bendel State was divided into Edo and Delta States, creating Edo State. [2]
Local Government Areas
Edo State consists of eighteen (18) Local Government Areas. They are:
- Akoko-Edo
- Egor
- Esan Central
- Esan North-East
- Esan South-East
- Esan West
- Etsako Central
- Etsako East
- Etsako West
- Igueben
- Ikpoba-Okha
- Oredo
- Orhionmwon
- Ovia North-West
- Ovia South-West
- Owan East
- Owan West
- Uhunmwonde
Demographics
The state’s official language is English. Igarra, Edo, Esan, and Okpamheri are the state’s four main tribal languages.[5] The Edo, Okpe, Esan, Afemai, Ora, Akoko-Edo, Igbanke, Emai, and Ijaw are among the ethnic groups that call Edo State home. 5 million people were estimated to live in Edo State in 2014.
Rich Cultural Mosaic
Edo State is a melting pot of cultures, primarily inhabited by the Edoid people. The Edo (or Bini) people, along with the Esan, Owan, and Afemai people, form the diverse tapestry of this vibrant state. The Edo language, predominantly spoken in Benin City, is a common thread that binds these communities together. While Christianity is the dominant religion, Edo State also embraces Islam and traditional religions, reflecting its cultural and religious diversity.
Oil Production and Mineral Resources
Edo State’s oil industry plays a vital role in Nigeria’s economy. With significant oil reserves, the state contributes to the nation’s petroleum output. Moreover, Edo State is blessed with abundant mineral resources, including limestone, dolomite, gold, iron ore, and more. These resources provide a solid foundation for economic growth and investment opportunities in the region.
Popular Landmarks
Prepare to be enchanted by the enchanting landmarks that dot the landscape of Edo State. From the iconic Emotan Statue in Benin City to the scenic Ososo Hills and the historic Igun Bronze Casters, the state is brimming with captivating attractions. Nature enthusiasts can revel in the beauty of Ise Lake and River Niger Beach in Agenebode, while cultural enthusiasts can immerse themselves in the grandeur of the Usomege Hills at Apana-Uzairue. Edo State truly offers something for everyone.
1. Oba of Benin Palace: A Glimpse into Royal Splendor
Immerse yourself in the royal splendor of the Oba of Benin Palace, located in the heart of Benin City. This historic palace, dating back to 900 AD, is a testament to the grandeur of the Benin Empire. Though a tenth of its original size, the palace still exudes magnificence with its exquisite local art, crafts, and historical artifacts. A visit to this iconic site is a must for anyone seeking to delve into the regal heritage of Edo State.
2. Somorika Hills: Nature’s Breathtaking Masterpiece
Prepare to be mesmerized by the scenic beauty of Somorika Hills, nestled within the Kukuruku Range. Just a short distance from Igarra, these rolling hills offer a picturesque landscape that will leave you spellbound. The undulating terrain and lush greenery provide a perfect backdrop for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers alike.
3. Ughoton: A Place of Historical Significance
Uncover the historical significance of Ughoton, a place revered by both the Benin and Yoruba people. Located approximately 42 kilometers from Benin City, Ughoton is believed to be the “East” from where the legendary Oduduwa, the progenitor of the Yoruba people, migrated. Dive into the rich tapestry of Nigerian history and folklore as you explore this remarkable site.
4. The Tombstone of Captain James Phillip: A Monument of Historical Intrigue
Stand in awe before the tombstone of Captain James Phillip, a monument that marks a significant event in Edo State’s history. Located in Uruokhokho, this spot commemorates the burial site of Captain Phillip and his party. Their tragic fate triggered the infamous British invasion of the Benin Empire in 1897. Pay homage to this pivotal moment in history and reflect upon the enduring legacy it left behind.
5. Igun-Eronmwon Quarters: Where Artistry Comes to Life
Indulge your artistic senses at the Igun-Eronmwon quarters, famously known as Igun Street. This cultural haven is home to the renowned brass and bronze casting industries of Benin City. Marvel at the skilled artisans as they transform molten metal into intricate masterpieces. Feel free to admire the craftsmanship and even acquire a piece of this remarkable artistry to treasure forever.
6. The Vibrant Local Markets: A Fusion of Flavors and Traditions
Immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere of Edo State’s local markets. From the bustling Oba Market to the bustling New Benin Market and the lively Agbado Market, these bustling hubs offer a unique opportunity to interact with the locals and experience the rich cultural tapestry of the state. Explore the stalls filled with an array of goods, from traditional crafts to flavorful local delicacies.
7. Chief Ogiamen’s House: A Testament of Resilience
Step into history at Chief Ogiamen’s House, a national monument situated within the city walls and moat of Benin City. Built around 1130 AD, this remarkable structure predates the emergence of Obaship in Benin’s political organization. It stands as a symbol of resilience, having survived the 1897 British expedition and siege. Visit this historic site to gain insight into the architectural marvels of the past.
8. National Museum, Benin City: A Gateway to Cultural Heritage
Delve into the rich cultural heritage of Edo State at the National Museum in Benin City. This treasure trove houses an impressive collection of antiques and bronze artwork from the ancient Benin Kingdom. Explore the exhibits that tell the captivating stories of Edo State’s past, providing a deeper understanding of its traditions, rituals, and artistic prowess.
9. The Benin Moat: A Wonder of Ancient Defense
Marvel at the grandeur of the Benin Moat, an awe-inspiring feat of engineering and ancient defense strategy. Known as “Iya,” this magnificent structure is the largest man-made earthwork in the world. Constructed as a defensive barrier in times of war, the moat encircles the perimeter of the city. Stand in awe of the ingenuity and craftsmanship that went into creating this historical marvel.
10. Okomu National Park: A Haven of Biodiversity
Escape into the pristine wilderness of Okomu National Park, located in Ovia South Local Government Area. This ecological paradise is home to a rare species, the white-throated monkey, along with an array of other wildlife such as buffaloes, elephants, chimpanzees, and various bird species. Embark on a thrilling adventure through the park, immersing yourself in the wonders of nature.
11. Ososo Tourist Centre: A Panoramic View of Two States
Ascend to the peak of Ososo Tourist Centre for a breathtaking panoramic view that spans two states, Edo and Kogi. Located on the boundary between these states, Ososo is a hilly and rocky town that offers a serene escape from the bustling city. The rest house atop Ososo Hill provides the perfect vantage point to soak in the natural beauty that surrounds you.
12. Igun Bronze Casters and Crafts Centre: A Haven of Artistic Excellence
Journey to the Igun Bronze Casters and Crafts Centre, a haven of artistic excellence in Edo State. Witness the intricate process of brass and bronze casting, a skill passed down through generations. Listed as a Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO, this center showcases the mastery of craftsmanship and offers an opportunity to acquire unique pieces of bronze and brass art.
Education
Benin City’s University of Benin The Federal Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State Institute of Technology and Management, Usen, College of Education (Benin), Ekiadolor, The Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, The Igbinedion University, Okada, The Benson Idahosa University, Benin City. Benin City Baptist Theological College. Among the colleges and universities in the state are Wellspring University, Irhirhi Road, Benin City; Edo State College of Agriculture, Iguoriakhi; Lighthouse Polytechnic, Evbuobanosa; Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa; and Shaka Polytechnic, Benin City.
Economy
Tourist attractions in Edo State include the Emotan statue in Benin City, Ise Lake and River Niger beach inAgenebode, Etsako-East; Ambrose Alli Square, Ekpoma, River Niger beaches at Ilushi, BFFM building at Ewu,College of Agriculture and Aqua Culture Technology, Agenebode, Okpekpe with its hills and scenes and theSomorika hills in Akoko Edo, where a government-run tourist center at Ososo is set among spectacular scenery.The nation produces crude oil. Rubber, cocoa, and cashew nuts are some notable agricultural products from the state. It is also endowed with rare stones including quartz, amethyst, mica, dolomite, granite stone, and lime stone, which are used to make cement at Okpella. The Imiegba Uchikpo River among three Ibie Clan hills is one of the tourist attractions.
Notable People
- Oba of Benin
- Late Professor Ambrose Alli, Former governor of the defunct Bendel State. He created the Bendel State University now named after him.
- Chief H.I. Igiehon, Engineer and two term president of the Nigerian society of Engineers, Former Chairman of Delta Steel Company, Founder of Ima Meplan Engineering
- Professor Osayuki Godwin Oshodin,Former Vice Chancellor of University of Benin
- Chief D.N. Oronsaye, prominent politician instrumental in creation of Midwest region and junior Minister of Finance
- Jacob U. Egharevba, a Bini historian and traditional chief
- Samuel Ogbemudia, former governor of the Midwest region of Nigeria and later Bendel state
- Late Chief Anthony Enahoro, prominent anti-colonial and pro-democracy activist and politician
- Dr Iyi Uwadiae, Ph.D – Former Head of National Office and current Registrar (WEST AFRICAN EXAMINATION COUNCIL)
- Professor Emmanuel Emovon, first Nigerian Ph.D. in chemistry from the University College London and former Minister of Science and Technology of Nigeria
- Late Dr J.O Itotoh, Ph.D – Former minister Internal affairs
- Late Professor Festus Iyayi, novelist and first African to win the Commonwealth Writers Prize
- Odia Ofeimun, poet and former president of the Association of Nigerian Authors
- Late Dr Abel Guobadia, educator and former Nigerian ambassador to the Republic of Korea, former Chairman Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)
- Chris Aire Iluobe,a world acclaimed jeweler of the Aire wrist watch
- General Godwin Abbe, Former Nigerian Minister for Interior and Defence
- Sir Victor Uwaifo, musician
- Late Sonny Okosun, musician
- Felix Idubor, artist
- Festus Idehen, sculptor
- Erhabor Emokpae, painter, sculptor, and graphic designer
- Solomon Irein-Wangboje, painter
- Ben Osawe, sculptor
- Dominic Osaghae, Medical Doctor, former National Chairman, Nigerian Medical Association
- Festus Ezeli, basketball player with the Golden State Warriors
- Dr. Tunde Obanor, Distinguished Medical Practitioner, Activist
- His Royal Highness, The Olokpe of Okpe, Oba Idogun the 3rd of Okpe Kingdom JP, OON.
- Modupe Ozolua, Body Enhancement and Reconstructive Surgery
- Cliff Ogiugo, Artist, Cartoonist (Creator of Little Joe character)
- Chief Tony Anenih, Chairman Board of trustee (PDP) Once Minister of Work.
- Dr Tonnie Iredia, former Director-General of the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA)
- Rawlings Ogedegbe, Prominent Politician And Good Will Ambassador
- Charles Osasere Omere, Legal Practitioner and Social Commentator
- Late Vice Admiral Mike Akhigbe, former chief of naval staff and vice president of Nigeria
- Late Vice Admiral Augustus Aikhomu, former chief of naval and vice president of Nigeria
- Mike Ozekhome, Legal practitioner, politician and human rights activist
- Osaretin Jake Edosomwan, Sociologist, Accountant and social activist
- Gabriel Igbinedion, foremost and international business mogul and bini high chief
- Raymond Dokpesi, owner of Africa largest private television network and politician
- Grace Egbagbe, former director of Nigerian Television Authority*
- Late Prof. Omo Omoruyi, Distinguished Political Scientist and former Director General, Center for Democratic Studies
- Late ArchBishop Benson Idahosa, Founder Church of God mission, Benson Idahosa University
- Late Bishop John Edokpolo founder and financial Midwest Region, Bendel state and Edo State. Founder Edokpolo grammar school
- Late G.N.I. Enobakhare, Mathematician, author,Permanent Secretary of Education, first director of Continuing Education Center,first Dean of the Faculty in Department of Education, University of Benin
- Sam-paul Osa-uwa Ogbeide, A Premiere Business Mogul and A Politician. Founder Spectrium Digital
- Peter Osaze Odemwingie, Footballer – Nigeria Super Eagles and England based Professional (Stoke City)
